Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 01
Biomolecules |
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| Structure and functions; biological membranes, structure, action potential and transport processes; enzymes-classification, kinetics, and mechanism of action; Basic concepts and designs of metabolism (carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids) |
| Photosynthesis, respiration, and electron transport chain; bioenergetics |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 02
Viruses |
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| Structure and classification; microbial classification and diversity (bacterial, algal, and fungal); Methods in microbiology; microbial growth and nutrition; aerobic and anaerobic respiration; nitrogen fixation |
| Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interaction |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 03
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure |
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| Cell cycle and cell growth control; cell-cell communication, cell signalling and signal transduction |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 04
Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes |
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| Mutations and mutagenesis; nucleic acid replication, transcription, translation, and their regulatory mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Mendelian inheritance; Gene interaction; complementation; linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping |
| Extrachromosomal inheritance; microbial genetics (plasmids, transformation, transduction, conjugation); horizontal gene transfer and transposable elements; RNA interference; DNA damage and repair; chromosomal variation |
| Molecular basis of genetic diseases |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 05
Principles of microscopy |
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| Light, electron, fluorescent and confocal; centrifugation-high speed and ultra; principles of spectroscopy-UV, visible, CD, IR, FTIR, Raman, MS, NMR; principles of chromatography-ion exchange, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction, affinity |
| Principles of chromatography-GC,HPLC, FPLC; electrophoresis; microarray |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 06
History of immunology |
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| Innate, humoral and cell-mediated immunity; antigen; antibody structure and function; Molecular basis of antibody diversity; synthesis of antibody and secretion; antigen-antibody reaction; complement; primary and secondary lymphoid organ |
| B and T cells and macrophages; major histocompatibility complex (MHC); antigen processing and presentation; polyclonal and monoclonal antibody; regulation of immune response; immune tolerance; hypersensitivity; autoimmunity; graft versus host reaction |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 07
Major bioinformatics resources and search tools |
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| Sequence and structure databases; Sequence analysis (biomolecular sequence file formats, scoring matrices, sequence alignment, phylogeny); data mining and analytical tools for genomic and proteomic studies |
| Molecular dynamics and simulations (basic concepts including force fields, protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, protein-ligand interaction) |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 08
Restriction and modification enzymes |
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| Vectors; plasmid, bacteriophage and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, yeast artificial chromosome; mammalian and plant expression vectors; cDNA and genomic DNA library; gene isolation, cloning and expression; transposons and gene targeting |
| DNA labelling; DNA sequencing; polymerase chain reactions; DNA fingerprinting; southern and northern blotting; in-situ hybridization; RAPD, RFLP; site-directed mutagenesis; gene transfer technologies; gene therapy |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 09
Totipotency |
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| Regeneration of plants; Plant growth regulators and elicitors; tissue culture and cell suspension culture system: Methodology, the kinetics of growth and, nutrient optimization; production of secondary metabolites by plant suspension cultures |
| Hairy root culture; transgenic plants; Plant products of industrial importance |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 10
Animal cell culture |
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| Media composition and growth conditions; Animal cell and tissue preservation; Anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cell culture; kinetics of cell growth; micro and macro carrier culture; hybridoma technology; stem cell technology; animal cloning |
| Transgenic animals |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 11
Chemical engineering principles applied to a biological system |
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| Principle of reactor design, ideal and non-ideal multiphase bioreactors, mass and heat transfer; Rheology of fermentation fluids, aeration and agitation; media formulation and optimization; kinetics of microbial growth |
| Substrate utilization and product formation; sterilization of air and media; batch, fed-batch and continuous processes; various types of microbial and enzyme reactors; instrumentation control and optimization |
| Unit operations in solid-liquid separation and liquid-liquid extraction; Process scale-up, economics and feasibility analysis |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 12
Engineering principle of bioprocessing |
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| Upstream production and downstream; bioprocess design and development from lab to industrial scale; microbial, animal and plant cell culture platforms; production of biomass and primary/ secondary metabolites; biofuels, bioplastics, industrial enzymes |
| Antibiotics; large scale production and purification of recombinant proteins; industrial application of chromatographic and membrane-based bioseparation methods; immobilization of biocatalysts (enzymes and cells) for bioconversion processes |
| Bioremediation-aerobic and anaerobic processes for stabilization of solid/ liquid wastes |
Basic biology, life sciences, biotechnology and allied area: Unit 13
Tissue culture and its application, micropropagation |
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| Meristem culture and production of virus-free plants |
| Anther and microspore culture |
| Embryo and ovary culture |
| Protoplast isolation |
| Protoplast fusion-somatic hybrids, cybrids |
| Somaclones |
| Synthetic seeds |
| In vitro germplasm conservation |
| Cryopreservation |
| Organelle DNA, satellite-and repetitive DNAs |
| DNA repair |
| Regulation of gene expression |
| Recombinant DNA technology-cloning vectors, restriction enzymes, gene cloning |
| Methods of gene transfer in plants |
| Achievements and recent developments of genetic engineering in agriculture |
| Development of transgenics for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, bioethics, terminator technology, nanotechnology, DNA fingerprinting, gene silencing |
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